Varieties of Tomatoes
Rajni
Rashmi
Vaishali
Rupali
Pusa Early Dwarf
Pusa Ruby
Pusa 120
Sioux
Marglobe
Co1
Roma
S-152
Punjab Chuhra
Arka Abha (BWR1)
Arka Alok (BER-5)
Arka Ashish (IIHR-674)
Arka Abhijit
Arka Ahuti (Sel 11)
Arka Meghali
Arka Saurabh (Sel 4)
Arka Shreshta
Arka Vardan (FM hyb - 2)
Arka Vishal (FM HYB - 1)
Tomato Farming Climate
Tomatoes thrive in warm weather, ideally between 21 to 23°C, and are sensitive to climate variations. Different stages of tomato growth, such as seed germination, flowering, and fruiting, require specific climatic conditions. Adequate sunshine and a balance of warmth and coolness are crucial for optimal growth. Excessive humidity or frost can adversely affect tomato plants, as can both heavy rainfall and prolonged drought.
Soil and pH for Tomato Growth
Tomatoes can grow in various soil types, from light sandy soil to heavy clayey soil, but they prefer well-drained soils with a depth of 15-20 cm. While soil rich in organic matter is beneficial, excessive moisture from high organic content can harm tomato crops. Maintaining a soil pH between 6.0 to 7.0 is ideal, and adding organic matter to mineral-rich soil can enhance yield.
Water Requirement in Tomato Cultivation
Tomatoes require consistent moisture levels to thrive, making it essential to manage water supply carefully. During summer, watering once a week is recommended, with occasional deep watering to prevent drought stress. However, excessive watering during fruiting can lead to tomato cracking. Proper irrigation techniques are crucial to maintaining optimal moisture levels.
Season for Tomato Cultivation
Tomatoes can be grown year-round, with planting schedules varying by region. In southern regions, tomatoes are typically planted from December to January, June to July, and September to October. In northern regions, planting occurs in July (Kharif crop), October to November (Rabi crop), and February (Zaid season).
Seed Treatment for Disease Prevention
Seeds are germinated in trays and transplanted after 30-45 days. They are treated with Trichoderma to prevent diseases, planted at a depth of about 1 cm, and mulched with green leaves. Regular watering is necessary until germination, and irrigation should be done the day before transplantation.
Disease Management
Tomatoes are susceptible to various diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Soil solarization, crop rotation, and seed treatment with fungicides like carbendazim can help prevent diseases. Proper drainage and avoiding wetting leaves during watering are essential for disease control.
Harvesting and Profit
Tomatoes can be harvested within 2-3 months of planting, with multiple harvests per year depending on market demand. In India, average yields range from 40 to 50 tons per acre, with profits ranging from 5 to 7 lakhs per acre, depending on market prices and production costs.
